How to Use the Netstat Command

 The netstat command, meaning network statistics, is a Command Prompt command used to display very detailed information about how your computer is communicating with other computers or network devices.

Specifically, it can show details about individual network connections, overall and protocol-specific networking statistics, and much more, all of which could help troubleshoot certain kinds of networking issues.

Netstat Command Availability

This command is available from within the Command Prompt in most versions of Windows, including Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows Server operating systems, and some older versions of Windows, too.

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Netstat is a cross-platform command, which means it's also available in other operating systems like macOS and Linux.

Netstat Command Syntax

Execute the netstat command alone to show a relatively simple list of all active TCP connections which, for each one, will show the local IP address (your computer), the foreign IP address (the other computer or network device), along with their respective port numbers, as well as the TCP state.

This switch displays active TCP connections, TCP connections with the listening state, as well as UDP ports that are being listened to.

This netstat switch is very similar to the -o switch listed below, but instead of displaying the PID, will display the process's actual file name. Using -b over -o might seem like it's saving you a step or two but using it can sometimes greatly extend the time it takes netstat to fully execute.

Use this switch with the netstat command to show statistics about your network connection. This data includes bytes, unicast packets, non-unicast packets, discards, errors, and unknown protocols received and sent since the connection was established.

The -f switch will force the netstat command to display the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) for each foreign IP addresses when possible.

Use the -n switch to prevent netstat from attempting to determine host names for foreign IP addresses. Depending on your current network connections, using this switch could considerably reduce the time it takes for netstat to fully execute.

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Netstat Command Examples

Here are several examples showing how the netstat command might be used:

In this first example, we execute netstat to show all active TCP connections. However, we want to see the computers that we're connected to in FQDN format [-f] instead of a simple IP address.

As you can see, there were 11 active TCP connections at the time netstat was executed in this example. The only protocol (in the Proto column) listed is TCP, which was expected because we didn't use -a.

You can also see three sets of IP addresses in the Local Address column—the actual IP address of 192.168.1.14 and both IPv4 and IPv6 versions of the loopback addresses, along with the port each connection is using. The Foreign Address column lists the FQDN (75.125.212.75 didn't resolve for some reason) along with that port as well.

Finally, the State column lists the TCP state of that particular connection.

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